Introduction to Cambodia

Cambodia, officially known as the Kingdom of Cambodia (Preah Réachéanachâk Kampuchea), is a country located in Southeast Asia. Bordered by Thailand to the west, Laos to the north, Vietnam to the east, and the Gulf of Thailand to the south, Cambodia covers an area of about 181,035 km². With an estimated population of 17 million inhabitants (2024), its capital and largest city is Phnom Penh.

Geography and Climate

Cambodia is largely made up of fertile alluvial plains, making it ideal for agriculture, especially rice cultivation. The Mekong River flows through the country, while Tonlé Sap Lake—the largest freshwater reserve in Southeast Asia—plays a vital role in both the ecosystem and the daily life of Cambodians.

The climate is tropical, with two main seasons:

  • Rainy season (May to October): hot and humid, the best time to see Tonlé Sap at its peak.

  • Dry season (November to April): perfect for visiting historical sites and relaxing on beaches.

History and Heritage

Cambodia was once the heart of the Khmer Empire, which dominated much of Southeast Asia between the 9th and 15th centuries. The legacy of this empire is embodied in the world-famous Angkor complex, particularly Angkor Wat, the largest religious monument in the world and a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

After a period of French colonial rule (1863–1953) and the tragic era of the Khmer Rouge, Cambodia has rebuilt itself and today is a rapidly growing tourist destination.

Main Regions and Destinations

  • Phnom PenhThe vibrant capital, known for its Royal Palace, the Silver Pagoda, and the National Museum. Visitors can also learn about the country’s recent history at the Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum and the Killing Fields.

  • Siem Reap and AngkorThe gateway to the Angkor temples, featuring iconic sites such as Angkor Wat, Ta Prohm, and Bayon. Siem Reap also offers lively night markets and traditional Khmer cultural shows.

  • Sihanoukville and IslandsA coastal destination with white sandy beaches and idyllic islands like Koh Rong and Koh Rong Samloem.

  • BattambangA charming town with colonial architecture, the unique bamboo train, and lesser-known temples.

  • KratiéNestled along the Mekong River, Kratié is famous for the rare Irrawaddy freshwater dolphins.

Culture and Gastronomy

Cambodian culture is deeply rooted in Buddhism, which influences the country’s art, architecture, and traditions. The graceful Apsara dance is a cultural symbol, embodying centuries of Khmer artistry.

Cambodian cuisine, though less well-known than its regional neighbors, is rich and flavorful. Signature dishes include Amok (fish steamed in coconut milk), Lok Lak (stir-fried beef), and a variety of traditional soups.